The Loss of Hedgerows in the UK Since World War II
Hedgerows are an iconic feature of the British countryside, weaving through fields and pastures, offering shelter, and defining landscapes. These living borders are not only picturesque but also crucial for biodiversity, soil preservation, and combating climate change. However, since World War II, the UK has experienced a significant loss of hedgerows, driven largely by agricultural intensification and urban development. This decline has had far-reaching consequences for the environment and wildlife. The Historical Role of Hedgerows Hedgerows have been part of the UK’s rural landscape for centuries, often marking boundaries between fields and estates. They are believed to have originated in the Bronze Age, with many more planted during the Enclosure Acts of the 18th and 19th centuries. These hedges provided not just boundaries but also habitats for wildlife, corridors for species migration, and protection for crops from wind and soil erosion. Before World War II, hedgerows were maintained by hand, reflecting the traditional agricultural practices of the time. However, the war and its aftermath brought significant changes to farming. Agricultural Intensification and Hedgerow Loss Following World War II, the UK faced the urgent need to increase food production. Policies were introduced to incentivise large-scale farming, which prioritised efficiency over traditional methods. Fields were merged to accommodate mechanised equipment, and hedgerows were removed to maximise arable land. The numbers are staggering: an estimated 121,000 kilometres of hedgerows were removed between 1946 and 1980. This trend was further exacerbated in the 1980s when government grants supported the removal of hedges to modernise farming practices. Many of these policies overlooked the critical ecological roles hedgerows played, focusing solely on agricultural productivity. Urbanisation and Infrastructure Development Alongside agricultural changes, the post-war boom in urbanisation and infrastructure development also contributed to the loss of hedgerows. As towns expanded and roads were built, many hedgerows were uprooted to make way for new construction. This trend continues today, with housing developments and transport projects often encroaching on rural landscapes. The Environmental Impact The loss of hedgerows has had profound consequences for the UK’s environment: Biodiversity Decline: Hedgerows are a haven for wildlife, supporting over 2,000 species of plants, birds, mammals, and insects. The removal of hedges has fragmented habitats, leaving species like hedgehogs and dormice vulnerable. Birds such as sparrows and linnets, which rely on hedgerows for nesting, have also declined. Soil Erosion and Degradation: Hedgerows act as natural windbreaks, preventing soil erosion. Without them, farmland is more exposed to weather, leading to nutrient loss and reduced fertility. Carbon Sequestration Loss: Hedgerows are effective carbon sinks, capturing CO2 and contributing to the fight against climate change. Their removal reduces this capacity. Efforts to Reverse the Decline In recent decades, the importance of hedgerows has been recognised, prompting efforts to reverse their decline. The 1997 Hedgerow Regulations made it illegal to remove hedges deemed historically or ecologically significant without permission. Government initiatives and conservation organisations are also working to replant and restore hedgerows, encouraging farmers to incorporate these features into their land management plans. Looking Ahead The loss of hedgerows since World War II serves as a reminder of the unintended consequences of modernisation. Restoring these vital ecosystems is essential, not just for wildlife, but for a sustainable future. By replanting and protecting hedgerows, the UK can strike a balance between agricultural productivity and ecological preservation, ensuring these iconic features remain a defining part of the landscape for generations to come.
What is topiary
Topiary is a gardening technique that involves trimming and shaping plants into various shapes, such as animals, geometric shapes, or even people. It is an ancient practice that dates back to the Roman empire, where plants were pruned into various shapes to adorn gardens and outdoor spaces. The word ‘topiary’ comes from the Latin word ‘topiarius’, which means ‘gardener’. Topiary gardening involves using shears or garden scissors to cut and shape the plant to create the desired effect. Some popular plants used for topiary gardening include boxwood, yew, holly, and privet. These plants are preferred because they are easy to shape and maintain. One of the most popular forms of topiary is the ‘pom pom’ style, where the plant is trimmed to form a round ball shape. Another popular style is the ‘cone’ shape, where the plant is trimmed into a triangular shape with a pointed top. Topiary can also be done in various other shapes, such as spirals, animals, and even human figures. Topiary requires a lot of patience, skill, and attention to detail. It is a time-consuming process that can take months or even years to achieve the desired result. However, the final product is a unique and beautiful piece of art that adds character and personality to any outdoor space. Topiary gardening has gained popularity over the years and is now being used in various settings, such as public parks, botanical gardens, and private residences. It is also being used as a form of art and sculpting, with topiary sculptures being sold for thousands of dollars. One of the benefits of topiary gardening is that it is a great way to add greenery and beauty to small spaces, such as balconies and courtyards. It also allows gardeners to express their creativity and imagination, creating unique and personalized designs. However, topiary gardening also requires a certain level of skill and knowledge. It is important to choose the right type of plant for the desired effect, as some plants are easier to shape than others. It is also important to regularly prune and maintain the plant to ensure it stays in the desired shape. In conclusion, topiary gardening is a beautiful and timeless art form that requires patience, skill, and creativity. Whether it’s a small balcony or a large public park, topiary adds character and personality to any outdoor space. It’s a great way to express your creativity and imagination and create a unique and personalized garden design. So, whether you’re a seasoned gardener or a beginner, why not try your hand at topiary gardening and add a touch of greenery to your outdoor space!
Privacy Hedges: What Type Should You Go For?
When you want to plant a hedge, you need to conduct your research to ensure that you select the most ideal plants. They play an important role in the garden as they act as sound proof and also act as a form of security. They come in various varieties and you may be confused on the variety to choose. So if you are considering the privacy hedges: what type should you go for? It is the desire of the most of the people to have hedges that requires no or few maintenance. If you are such a person, you should pick the low maintenance types of plants. When you plant Copper Beech or Red Robin that is constantly green, you will not spend much of your time in trimming. You may be surprised that you may only prune once in summer to achieve that beautiful look. The size of your garden will determine the type of hedge you will plant. If you have a smaller compound, it is wiser to go for a narrow hedge. There are plant species that are useful for these types of narrow hedges such as the Ligustrum vulgare and Osmathus delavayii. You can also use the wooden trellis to make boundaries in your garden. The wildlife hedge is also ideal for the privacy concerns. It adds authentic feel to your garden and compound as a whole. These native plants will produce nuts, berries, fruits that give your compound a natural atmosphere. The flowery plants will attract bees and birds making your compound to be more beautiful. The hedge will consist of several plant species such as the field maple, spindle, blackthorn, alder, crab apple and sweet briar. You can be able to make your compound more private and ensure that it looks more beautiful. There are some plants that are very attractive when planted in the compound. Some of them include spotted laurel, fancy-leaved and variegated privet. They are also more convenient if you want to achieve a more formal and attractive look. If you want to achieve a casual and attractive looks, you should consider the flowering hedge. If you are considering harvesting out of your hedge, then you should go for edible plants. You can decide to plant crab apple, blackberry, damson and pear for their nuts and fruits. These walls are encouraged on the upcountry rather than in the city set up. If you are want to have a private compound with enough security, you should go for the bougainvillea type. They have thorns that will ensure that no one climbs your wall. These plant grows very fast so it needs constant pruning to tame the wild spreading of the twigs. Other thorny types of hedge plants include Holly, roses, sea and buckthorn. There are various factors that influence the type of the plants that you pick. To achieve maximum benefits from the plants, you should study more about the species of the plants and find out if your location is the best for the plants. You can achieve more from the hedge like having a beautiful, secure and elegant compound.
Happy New Year!
Happy New Year to all of our wonderful customers!
HAPPY NEW YEAR!
All the staff at World of Hedges would like to wish our wonderful customers a very Happy New Year and all the best for 2016!
